MATERI 4

MATERI 4
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Atau bisa juga di sebut dengan if-clause yiatu kalimat yang menjelskan syarat.
If clause terdiri dari tiga tipe yaitu; type 1, type 2 dan type 3

1. Type I

Di gunakan untuk menyatakn kejadian yang benar-benar terjadi dimasa sekarang dan masa yang akan datang.
Rumus ;

IF + S + V1 + O, S + V1 + O OR
IF + S + V1 + O, S +WILL + V1 + O

Contoh;
1. If I have enough time, I write time to my parents every week.
Means; I always write a letter to my parents if I have enough time.
2. If I have enough time tomorrow, I will write to my parents.
Means; I will write my parents tomorrow.

2.

MATERI 3

MATERI 3
QUESTION TAGS

1. Definition.
Adalah frasa isn’t it?, will i? yang di tempatkan di akhir kalimat pernyataan untuk bertanya atau menanyakan suatu persetujuan. Jika kalimat pernyataan berbentuk positif makan question tags berbentuk negative. Demikian sebaliknya, jika kalimat pernyataan berbentuk negative, maka question tags berbentuk positif. Perhatikanlah bentuk tenses yang digunakan. (perhatikan kata yang di cetak tebal)

2. Contoh-Contoh
A. Present tense
1. She is beautiful, isn’t she?
2. He is not naughty, is he?
3. My mother and my father are very busy, aren’t they?
4. I am so clever, aren’t I ? OR I am so clever am not I ?
(am dalam kalimat pernyataan menjadi aren’t I atau are I dalam question tags (spoken). Sedangkan am dapat menjadi am not I atau am I dalam question tags untuk penulisan (written))
5. He wants to play badminton, doesn’t he?
6. She goes to the mall, doesn’t she?
7. We play guitars, don’t we?
8. I don’t buy a new book, do I ?
9. There is a new student in this class, isn’t there ?
10. There are many people in the street, aren’t there ?
11. There are not any people in this room, are there ?

B. Past Tense
1. I was not so good, was I ?
2. She was not beautiful anymore, was she?
3. We were his sister, were we?
4. I forgot to call her last night, didn’t I ?
5. She did not buy a new dress, did she?
6. We got the first winner in that competition didn’t we?
7. There was an accident at A Yani street, wasn’t there ?
8. There were a lot of students fail the test, weren’t there ?
9. There was not a good news yesterday, was there?

MATERI 2

MATERI 2
REPORTED SPEECH/INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Definition.
Reported speech atau Indirect speech adalah kalimat tak langsung.
Direct Speech adalah kalimat tak langsung.

2. Perubahan tenses dan waktu
Kalimat direct speech dalam bahasa inggris jika dirubah kedalam bentuk indirect speech terjadi perubahan tenses (tenses change) dan waktu/tempat (Transforming place and time)

TENSES CHANGE


Direct speech = Indirect Speech

Simple Present = Simple Past

Present Continuous = Past Continuous

Simple Past = Past Perfect

Present Perfect Simple = Past Perfect

Past Perfect = Past Perfect Simple

Past Continuous = Past Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous = Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous = Past Perfect Continuous

Future I (going to) = Was / Were going to

Future I (will) = conditional I (would)

Conditional = Conditional I (Would)



TRANSFORMING PLACE AND TIME EXPRESSION INTO REPORTED SPEECH

Direct Speech = Indirect Speech
Today = That day
Now = then
Yesterday = The day before
… days ago = … days before
Last week = the week before
Next year = the following year
Tomorrow the = next day/the following day
Here = there
This = that
These = those



3. Contoh-Contoh Kalimat Indirect Speech Dalam Bentuk Statement, Question Dan Command
A. Statement
Adalah kalimat berbentuk pernyataan.
Contoh;
1. DS ; I am hungry
IS ; He said that he was hungry
2. DS ; He said, “I am happy”
IS ; He said that he was happy.
3. DS ; She said, “I want something to eat.”
IS ; She said that she wanted something to eat.
4. DS ; My father said to me, “I love your mom so much”.
IS ; My father said to me that he loved my mother so much.
5. DS ; He said, “I did my homework last night.”
IS ; He said to me that he had done his homework the night before.
6. DS ; Tom said, “My father bought a new car last month”.
IS ; Tom said that his father had bought a new car the month before.
7. DS ; “I will go to the market.” She said
IS ; She said that she would go to the market.

NOTE: Perhatikanlah perubahan tenses dan waktu yang terjadi dalam indirect speech. DS (Direct Speech); IS (Indirect Speech)

B. Question
Adalah kalimat berbentuk pertanyaan. Ada dua cara yang dapat digunakan dalam kalimat Tanya.
1. Menggunakan kalimat Tanya (using interrogative – WH questions; what, where, when, why, which, how).
Contoh;
1. DS ; “Why don’t you speak English?” he asked.
IS ; He asked me why I did not speak English.
2. DS ; He asked “Where does she live?”
IS ; He asked where she lived.
3. DS ; My father asked me, “Where did you go yesterday?”
IS ; My father asked me where I had gone the day before.
4. DS ; She asked, “Why did not you come last night?”
IS ; She asked why he had not come the night before.

2. Tanpa menggunakan kalimat Tanya (without interrogative). Yakni menggunakan Yes/No questions. Dalam indirect speech menggunakan Whether/If
Contoh;
1. DS ; “Do you speak English?”
IS : He asked me whether/if I spoke English.
2. DS ; He asked, “Did she live in Pontianak?”
IS ; He asked me whether or if she had lived in Pontianak.

C. Command
Adalah kalimat dalam bentuk perintah.
Dapat menggunakan 2 cara yaitu; 1. Menggunakan sebuah klausa benda dengan modal (should). 2. Menggunakan sebuah infinitive.
Contoh;
1. DS ; “Call me when you get home”.
IS ; She said that we should call her when we get home. OR
; She said to call her when we get home.
2. DS ; “Plan ahead”.
IS ; My father told me that I should plan a head. OR
; My father told me to plan a head

MATERI I

MATERI I
COMPARISON DEGREES

1. Definition.
Adalah tingkat perbandingan yang digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal yang setara (kata benda dengan kata benda, kata sifat dengan kata sifat, dst).

2. Jenis-Jenis Tingkat Perbandingan
A. Positive degrees
Yaitu perbandingan setara (A sama dengan B)
Rumus ;

A is as + adj + as + B

Contoh;
1. Ann is as diligent as Anggi.
2. Rudi is as clever as Budi.
3. Ferdi is as handsome as rodit.

B. Comparative Degree
Yaitu perbandingan lebih dari (A lebih daripada B). Menggunakan dua pola yaitu:
Pola I ; untuk kata sifat yg hanya memiliki satu suku kata.
Rumus;

A is Adjective + er + than + B

Contoh;
1. Ann is taller than Ani.
2. Father is older than mother.
3. Pretty is stronger than Betty.

Pola II; untuk kt sifat yang memiliki lebih dari satu suku kata.
Rumus;

A is more + adjective +than + B

Contoh;
1. Fenny is more beautiful than Tina.
2. Angga is more diligent than Febi.
3. Stevi is more clever than me.

C. Superlative Degree
Yaitu perbandingan paling/ter (A paling/ter B). Menggunakan dua pola yaitu:
Pola I ; untuk kata sifat yg hanya memiliki satu suku kata.
Rumus;

A is the + Adjective + est + of all…

Contoh;
1. Ita is the best of all the students.
2. Deni is the tallest boy in class I.
3. Poppy is the biggest off all her friends.

Pola II; untuk kt sifat yang memiliki lebih dari satu suku kata.
Rumus;

A is the most + adjective + in the…

Contoh;
1. Robert is the most clever students in this class.
2. Indah is the most beautiful girl in the class.
3. This bag is the most expensive in this shop.